Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Probes Specifications on GlobalSpec

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NDT Probe Technology


	NDT Probe Technology
	Your choices are...
	Eddy Current		Eddy current probes generate high frequency magnetic fields to induce detectable eddy currents in ferrous and nonferrous materials for flaw detection, weld inspection, and other nondestructive test applications. The magnitude of the eddy currents varies with the distance between the probe and sample. Two different detection formats are available: absolute and differential. Absolute detection uses a single pickup coil for flaw and crack detection and can detect both gradual and sharp changes. With differential detection, the detection of two pickup coils is compared for a greater resolution of sharp discontinuities or flaws.
	Electromagnetic Acoustic (EMAT)		Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) use a magnetorestrictive or eddy current effect to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals. EMAT has several advantage over conventional ultrasonic transducers such as no couplant requirement; usable on sample with scale, coatings or heavy oxide layers; functional at high temperatures; and usable in contact with or at a small distance from surface; and even small diameter pipes can be inspected. The non-contact and no couplant features allow moving materials to be inspected during production processing.
	Inductive		Inductive NDT sensors and probes employ two coils around a soft iron core. An energizing alternating current is applied to the inductive coil, which produces a low frequency magnetic field. The strength of the magnetic field or magnetic flux changes with the distance of between the probe and sample. The magnetic flux changes are picked up by the second sensing coil.
	IR / Nuclear		On nonmetallic materials such as paper or plastic films or webs, the amount of radiation is reflected back or transmitted through the material is measured to determine absorption levels. An increase in mass, density or thickness will result in increased absorption. The gauge is often calibrated with sample of known thickness, density or mass. The radiation source used can be IR (infrared electromagnetic), nuclear (beta particles) or other radiation sources (x-ray, gamma rays) and will depend on the material and inspection conditions. Nuclear absorption measurements are useful in high-speed web application because no transducer or probe contact is required and even porous and non-conductive materials can be gaged.
	Magnetic / Hall Effect		Hall effect or magnetic NDT sensors and probes employ a permanent magnet. A Hall effect sensor around the permanent magnet picks up changes in the magnetic field due to the ferromagnetic sample. Thickness and coating thickness can gage using this method on ferromagnetic materials (iron, nickel, etc.).
	Optical / Laser		Probe or sensing unit utilizing an optical method optical based instruments using methods such as laser shearography, magneto-optical, holographic interferometry to detect flaws, residual stress or measure thickness.
	Ultrasonic		Ultrasonic (UT) inspection techniques are used to detect surface and subsurface flaws or to measure thickness. Beams of high frequency acoustic energy are introduced into the material and subsequently retrieved. Distance calculations are based on the speed of sound through the material being evaluated. The most widely used of all UT techniques is the pulse-echo technique. Flaws are detected and sizes estimated by comparing the amplitude of a reflected echo from an interface (flaw or back surface) with that of a reference interface of known size.
	Specialty / Other		Other unlisted nondestructive techniques or technologies.
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	Duplex / Multiple Technology?		Two or more technologies are utilized within the same sensor, transducer or probe. In some duplex technology probes, the sensing technology employed for the measurement will automatically change with sample conditions.
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Application


	Application
	Your choices are...
	Coating Thickness		The sensor or transducer can be used to measure the thickness of coatings such as paint, enamel, plating, etc.
	Conductivity		Conductivity probes induce eddy currents in nearby surfaces with an AC current flowing through a coil. The magnitude and phase of the induced eddy currents will affect the loading on the coil and thus its impedance. Cracks can be detected when they interrupt the eddy current flow. Cracks must be positioned such that they interrupt the eddy current path; cracks parallel to the path will have little effect on the eddy current and thus the voltage across the coil.
	Flaw / Crack Detection		Instrument or systems used to detect and measure flaws or cracks in a material or component.
	Wall / Material Thickness		The probe can be used to measure, without destructive sectioning, the thickness of sheet materials, section or webs of parts and walls or tubing or pipe.
	Weld Inspection		Probe specifically designed for detection of flaws and cracks in welded joints.
	Other		NDT sensor or probe designed for other unlisted, proprietary or patented applications.
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Probe Style / Type


	Style / Type:
	Your choices are...
	Angle Beam / Wedge Transducer		Angle Beam transducers include mounted transparent angle blocks; often used for weld inspection and flaw detection. They typically utilize refracted shear waves to detect flaws throughout the depth of welded areas.
	Angled / Curved Tip		Probe style or type consists of a right angle or curved tip for flexibility in positioning and accessing difficult reach areas requiring inspection.
	Delay Line Transducer		Versatile style transducer, often with replaceable head options such as membranes and wear caps. Used to gage or detect flaws such as delaminations in thin materials.
	Disc Probe		A relatively large area disc probe head, usually mounted at right angles to the probe body.
	Inside Diameter (Tubing / Holes)		I.D. or hole probes are inserted into holes meant for bolts or other fasteners to detect flaws or damage on the inside diameter of the hole. Tubing probe designed to be inserted into runs of tubing for nondestructive evaluation. Typical applications include inspection of heat exchanger or condenser coils. NDT probes designed for inspecting the inner diameters of tubes, boltholes or recesses in parts typically have a round shape or small size. The probes are often rotated manually or with a motor during the evaluation process. Manual probes are positioned and rotated by hand. Rotating hole probes have some type of rotational drive functionality, which may require a separate driver mechanism.
	Dual Element		Two elements in the transducer housing allow transmitter and receiver to operate independently. The elements are angled toward each other to create a reflective transmit/receive pathway.
	Immersible / Waterproof		Designed to be totally submerged in liquid medium, most often fresh water; often used in cleaning or scanning applications. They can use focusing optics to improve sensitivity and axial resolution.
	Outside Diameter (O.D. / Encircling)		Probe specifically designed to inspect the outside diameter of a rod or tube.
	Pencil Probe		Generally a long, thin probe for manual positioning for a variety of inspection applications.
	Ring Probe		Ring probes are designed to fit around the heads of fasteners such as screws or rivets to detect flaws or cracks in the fastener area.
	Shear Wave Transducer		Introduce shear waves into material without using angle beam wedge. The ratio of shear wave components to longitudinal components can exceed 30 dB.
	Surface Probe		Spot or surface probes are generally designed for flat surfaces and the detection of flaws, conductivity, and coating thickness measurement. They often have plastic lenses or faces to prevent marring during surface inspection.
	TOFD / Diffracted Wave		Times of flight diffracted wave (TOFD) transducers are used with a wedge and emit a highly damped longitudinal wave to produce lateral waves for crack detection and measurement. A TOFD image is constructed using four different ultrasonic wave types: (1) longitudinal wave, (2) lateral wave on the surface between the receiver and transmitter, (3) reflected longitudinal wave and (4) shear wave generated at the cracks, defects or discontinuities.
	Wheel / Roller Probe		Wheel probes or dry couplant continuous test rolling probes have contact and roll across the surface to be evaluated. Originally, the dry couplant rollers or wheels were oil filled rubber tires containing one immersion transducer. Current wheel probes use multiple ultrasonic transducers in the stator or axle. Applications including flaw detection and thickness measurements.
	Other		Specialized or non-listed eddy current probe type.
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Special Features



	Your choices are...
	Absolute		A single pickup coil for flaw and crack detection. Both gradual and sharp changes are detected.
	Array		Set of multiple probes or probe coils for simultaneous testing of multiple points. The probe may be used to replace a rotating hole probe, as it can measure several circumferential points at one time.
	Differential		The detection of two pickup coils is compared for a greater resolution of sharp discontinuities or flaws. The differential nature makes this type of probe less suitable for detection of gradual changes in material.
	Contact Transducer		Transducer is placed directly against surface to be inspected or measured. They usually have features such as wear plate and ergonomic housings so that they can be used in a variety of applications.
	Detachable / Replaceable Tip		Tips are easily interchanged; may include detachability for tips of different type or different size.
	Non-contact		The probe allows non-contact measurements to be made.
	Protected Element		Transducer element protected for use on rough surfaces.
	Rotating		Rotating probes are often used for testing of inner diameters of tubes, boltholes or other part recesses. Rotating probes are used as part of an ultrasonic internal rotating inspection system (IRIS) for evaluating of internal recesses and tubing.
	Sliding		Meant for slidingor scanning across a surface, sliding probes often have low-profile bodies and the ability to test material areas below the top surface.
	Specialty / Other Feature		NDT sensor or probe having other unlisted, proprietary or patented, application specific or specialty features.
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Specifications


	Frequency:		Ultrasonic transducers are frequently operated at their resonance frequency to maximize output power. Frequency of the probe transmission. This value is typically specified as the center-band frequency. Selection of frequency depends on many factors, such as material and subsurface depth of inspection interest. Consult with supplier for optimum frequency operation for a specific application.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	Measurement Range		Measurement range is the depth into the material or the part or coating thickness that can be inspected with the NDT sensor or probe.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	Diameter / Width:		Cross-sectional diameter or width of the probe or probe head used against the face of the surface or part wall to be inspected.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

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Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Probes

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