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About Ion Lasers
Ion lasers (also known as gas-ion lasers) emit high-powered beams in the visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectral ranges. Ion lasers are composed of a plasma tube, a vacuum- sealed alumina (or ceramic envelope), and a number of windows or mirrors. The plasma tube is filled with ionized gases that settle into levels with transitions between. When these ionized gases are electrically stimulated, radiation is emitted into the alumina. The ends of the alumina are either two Brewster windows, or one Brewster window and a sealed cavity mirror. The area between is referred to as the optical cavity. A 100-percent-reflecting mirror and a partially transmissive output-coupling mirror define the optical cavity. From here, the emitted radiation is focused into a high-powered, high quality beam with a moderate to high continuous-wave output of typically 1 mW to 10 W. In single-frequency operation, the high reflector is replaced with a Brewster prism, and an etalon is inserted.
There are three common types of ion lasers, which are defined by the type of active gas(es) located in the plasma tube, argon, krypton, and argon / krypton mixture. Other less common gases and gas mixtures such as oxygen ion and xenon ion are also available.
Argon ion lasers are capable of delivering several watts of laser energy in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum. They require high-power input and a very high discharge current. The visible lines at which argon will lase are: 454.6 nm; 457.9 nm; 465.8 nm; 476.5 nm; 488.0 nm; 496.5 nm; 501.7 nm; 514.5 nm; 528.7 nm. The argon ion laser is very bulky and emits a large amount of heat, so care must be taken when using this type of device.
Krypton ion lasers deliver several watts of laser energy in the visible spectrum. The requires high-power input and a very high discharge current. The visible lines at which krypton will lase are: 406.7 nm; 413.1 nm; 415.4 nm; 468.0 nm; 476.2 nm; 482.5 nm; 520.8 nm; 530.9 nm; 568.2 nm; 647.1 nm; 676.4 nm.
Mixtures of Argon and Krypton are sometimes referred to as "white light" lasers because of the coverage over the visible spectrum the combination of the two produces.
Argon and krypton (rare gas) ion lasers find applications in many diverse fields including systems for synthesizing graphic images, control and measuring instruments, information processing, material processing, scientific research, computer facilities, microelectronics and electro-optics research, laser light shows, printing (including high performance printing, copying, scanning, typesetting, photoplotting, and image generation), holography, medicine (notably forensic medicine, general and ophthalmic surgery) and biology and as a pumping source for other types of lasers.
Products & Services Related to Ion Lasers
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Lasers
Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers use the energy-state transitions between vibrational and rotational states of CO2 molecules to emit at long IR, about 10 µm, wavelengths. These lasers can maintain continuous and very high levels of power and are typically used in cutting, welding, etching, and marking applications.
Diode Lasers
Diode lasers use light-emitting diodes to produce stimulated emissions in the form of coherent light output. They are also known as laser diodes.
Excimer Lasers
Excimer lasers are rare-gas halide or rare-gas metal vapor lasers that produce relatively wide beams of ultraviolet laser light. They operate via the electronic transitions of molecules.
Helium Cadmium (HeCd) Lasers
Helium cadmium (HeCd) lasers are relatively economical, continuous-wave sources for violet (442 nm) and ultraviolet (325 nm) output. They are used for 3-D stereolithography applications, as well as for exposing holographs.
Helium Neon Lasers
Helium neon (HeNe) lasers have an emission that is determined by neon atoms by virtue of a resonant transfer of excitation of helium. They operate continuously in the red, infrared and far-infrared regions and emit highly monochromatic radiation.
Lasers
Lasers are devices that produce intense beams of monochromatic, coherent radiation. The word "laser" is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
Solid State Lasers
Solid state lasers use a transparent substance (crystalline or glass) as the active medium, doped to provide the energy states necessary for lasing. Solid state lasers are used in both low and high power applications.
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